Lorentz-invariance violation (LV) at energy scales approaching the Planck
regime serves as a critical probe for understanding quantum gravity
phenomenology. Astrophysical observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) present a
promising avenue for testing LV-induced spectral lag phenomena; however,
interpretations are complicated by degeneracies between LV effects and
intrinsic emission delays. This study systematically investigates three
competing time delay models: Model A (LV delay combined with a constant
intrinsic delay), Model B (energy-dependent intrinsic delay without LV), et
Model C (LV delay combined with energy-dependent intrinsic delay). We utilize
mock GRB datasets generated under distinct delay mechanisms and employ Bayesian
parameter estimation on simulated observations of 10 GRBs. Our findings
demonstrate that Model C consistently recovers input parameters across all
datasets. In contrast, Models A and B struggle to reconcile data generated
under alternative mechanisms, particularly when confronted with high-energy TeV
photons from GRB 190114C and GRB 221009A. Our analysis confirms that the
incorporation of energy-dependent intrinsic delays in Model C is essential for
establishing robust LV constraints, effectively resolving prior ambiguities in
the interpretation of multi-GeV and TeV photon emissions. The results validate
Model C as a generalized framework for future LV searches, yielding a
subluminal LV scale of \(E_{\rm LV} \simeq 3 \times 10^{17}\) GeV based on
realistic datasets. These findings are consistent with earlier constraints
derived from Fermi-LAT datasets. This work underscores the necessity for joint
modeling of LV and astrophysical emission processes in next-generation LV
studies utilizing observatories such as LHAASO and CTA.

Cet article explore les excursions dans le temps et leurs implications.

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