We investigate the capability of the Taiji space-based gravitational wave
observatory to detect stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds produced by
first-order phase transitions in the early universe. Using a comprehensive
simulation framework that incorporates realistic instrumental noise, galactic
double white dwarf confusion noise, and extragalactic compact binary
backgrounds, we systematically analyze Taiji’s sensitivity across a range of
signal parameters. Our Bayesian analysis demonstrates that Taiji can robustly
detect and characterize phase transition signals with energy densities
exceeding $\Omega_{\text{PT}} \gtrsim 1.4 \times 10^{-11}$ across most of its
frequency band, with particularly strong sensitivity around $10^{-3}$ to
$10^{-2}$ Hz. For signals with amplitudes above $\Omega_{\text{PT}} \gtrsim 1.1
\times 10^{-10}$, Taiji can determine the peak frequency with relative
precision better than $10\%$. These detection capabilities would enable Taiji
to probe electroweak-scale phase transitions in various beyond-Standard-Model
scenarios, potentially revealing new physics connected to baryogenesis and dark
matter production. We quantify detection confidence using both Bayes factors
and the Deviance Information Criterion, finding consistent results that
validate our statistical methodology.

Este artículo explora los viajes en el tiempo y sus implicaciones.

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