We obtain constraints in a 12 parameter cosmological model using the recent
DESI Data Release (DR) 2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data, combined with
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) power spectra (Planck Public Release (PR) 4)
and lensing (Planck PR4 + Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release (DR)
6) data, uncalibrated type Ia Supernovae (SNe) data from Pantheon+ and Dark
Energy Survey (DES) Year 5 (DESY5) samples, and Weak Lensing (WL: DES Year 1)
data. The cosmological model consists of six $\Lambda$CDM parameters, and
additionally, the dynamical dark energy parameters ($w_0$, $w_a$), the sum of
neutrino masses ($\sum m_{\nu}$), the effective number of non-photon radiation
species ($N_{\textrm{eff}}$), the scaling of the lensing amplitude
($A_{\textrm{lens}}$), and the running of the scalar spectral index
($\alpha_s$). Our major findings are the following: i) With CMB+BAO+DESY5+WL,
we obtain the first 2$\sigma$+ detection of a non-zero $\sum m_{\nu} =
0.19^{+0.15}_{-0.18}$ eV (95%). Replacing DESY5 with Pantheon+ still yields a
$\sim$1.9$\sigma$ detection. ii) The cosmological constant lies at the edge of
the 95% contour with CMB+BAO+Pantheon+, but is excluded at 2$\sigma$+ with
DESY5, leaving evidence for dynamical dark energy inconclusive, contrary to
claims by DESI collaboration. iii) With CMB+BAO+SNe+WL, $A_{\textrm{lens}} = 1$
is excluded at $>2\sigma$, while it remains consistent with unity without WL
data – suggesting for the first time that the existence of lensing anomaly may
depend on non-CMB datasets. iv) The Hubble tension persists at 3.6-4.2$\sigma$
with CMB+BAO+SNe; WL data has minimal impact.

Este artículo explora los viajes en el tiempo y sus implicaciones.

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