We introduce the DeTerministic Virtual Machine (DTVM) Stack, a
next-generation smart contract execution framework designed to address critical
performance, determinism, and ecosystem compatibility challenges in blockchain
networks. Building upon WebAssembly (Wasm) while maintaining full Ethereum
Virtual Machine (EVM) ABI compatibility, DTVM introduces a Deterministic Middle
Intermediate Representation (dMIR) and a hybrid lazy-JIT compilation engine to
balance compilation speed and execution efficiency. DTVM further accommodates
diverse instruction set architectures (z.B., EVM, RISC-V) through modular
adaptation layers. This enables seamless integration with DTVM’s hybrid
lazy-JIT compilation engine, which dynamically optimizes performance while
preserving deterministic execution guarantees across heterogeneous
environments. The key contributions including: 1). The framework achieves up to
2$\times$ acceleration over evmone in dominant Ethereum contract (e.g.
ERC20/721/1155) execution and reduces fibonacci computation latency by
11.8$\sim$40.5% compared to Wasm based VMs. 2). A novel trampoline hot-switch
mechanism enables sub-millisecond (0.95ms) post-deployment invocation times,
outperforming up to about 23$\times$ in compilation and invocation efficiency.
3). It supports multi-language development (Solidity, C++, Rust, Java, Go, Und
AssemblyScript) through unified bytecode conversion while maintaining EVM ABI
compatibility for seamless invocation. It reduces machine code object sizes by
30.0$\sim$72.6%, coupled with a minimized Trusted Computing Base. 4). It offers
SmartCogent, an AI-driven full-stack development experience, leveraging
fine-tuned LLMs and retrieval-augmented generation to automate tasks across the
smart contract lifecycle: development, debugging, security auditing, Und
deployment. DTVM Stack has been open-sourced (https://github.com/DTVMStack).

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